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What You Should Know About Keeping Your Koi Healthy
Koi health is very important if you want to enjoy your fish for a long time. Koi fish are known to live for decades even though the average life span is 20 to 30 years. Koi are hardy and tough; however, they can get sick. Their longevity depends largely on genetics and living conditions.
The modern day koi are resilient but they have lost much of the toughness of their ancestor, the magoi carp. They can thrive in the poorest water conditions and stay unaffected by the presence of parasites. This is because of the inbreeding process that started from way back when nishikigoi was first being developed. Breeders have had to pair koi with parents and siblings to get the ideal body shape, intense colors and beautiful patterns that make the present koi so admirable.
Nevertheless, the koi of today rarely get sick and if they get sick or perish, you can trace the underlying cause to water quality problems. Other threats to koi health are parasites, ulcer disease, predators, medicine overdose, leaping out of the water, virus infections, toxic pesticides, and tumor.
Water Quality
Poor water quality is the main cause of koi death. You will have to watch out for the pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate as well as oxygen levels in your pond. Even marginal alterations in their levels can adversely affect koi health. PH pertains to the acid and alkaline content of your water. Koi need a pH of 7.0 through 9.0. Ammonia is produced by your koi in the form of waste. It can be extracted properly by using biological filter system that makes use of the nitrification cycle.
Bacteria will convert ammonia to nitrites. However, nitrites are still toxic to the koi and must also be converted by other bacteria into nitrates that are comparably harmless to the koi. Nitrates, in turn, are consumed by the plants and also algae in the pond. You already know how oxygen is required to support life. As your koi grow in size, they will require more dissolved oxygen. To Make sure that there is a lot of oxygen in the pond water install a waterfall, jets or air pump, or place air stones to add oxygen to the water.
Parasites, Ulcer Disease and also Bacterial Infections
If the koi fish perish or display irregular behavior despite the good quality of your water, you could expect the cause to be either parasites or bacterial infections. Parasites like anchor worms and fish lice can be harmful to your fish. The early signs are red or white pimples that rapidly turn into sores. The ulcer can get into the muscles of the fish so you need to discover the disease during its early stages.
You will need to keep you koi clear of parasites. Hold the infected fish in salted water and supply with medicated food. You can swab the sores with betadine to help them recover. Consult with a veterinarian on how best to cure your koi.
Quarantine
You will need to quarantine any new fish for at least three weeks before adding them to the pond. Throughout this period, you will need to treat the fish for parasites. If you don't have a separate quarantine tank, be sure to purchase your koi only from reputable dealers that guarantee their fish to be parasite-free. Also carefully choose the plants for addition to the pond which also has to be parasite-free.
Overcrowding
If you keep on having koi health troubles (like stunted growth or perhaps erratic behavior) even if your water is of top quality and you bought only parasite-free fish, you may want to check your koi population. Your fish may be suffering from stress due to overcrowding.
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